Purpose: Surgeons may shorten the forearm for many indications. We quantified the impact of shortening on finger flexion with a cadaver model.
Methods: Ten fresh cadaver proximal forearms were pinned to a static block. We pinned each distal forearm/hand to a block that could unlock, slide, and relock on a mounting track. This block allowed wrist-neutral or 30-degree extension. With the sliding block locked, we removed the central 10 cm of the radius/ulna. We placed sutures in the proximal end of each flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). After pretensioning, we simulated near-maximum baseline FDP muscle-generating force by applying 100 N via a load cell at the proximal sutures. We then anchored the load cell system proximally to set the initial length-tension relationship for simulating near-maximum baseline muscle-generating force. We called subsequent load cell readings the simulated muscle force (SMF) and pressure sensor readings between fingertips and the palm the tip-to-palm force (TPF). We shortened the forearm in 1 cm increments with the distal sliding-locking block. At each increment, we recorded SMF and TPF in the wrist-neutral position. Once a specimen lost measurable TPF, we applied 30 degrees wrist extension until again losing TPF.
Results: Incremental forearm shortening was associated with exponential decreases in each FDP's SMF and TPF. In wrist-neutral, 3 cm mean shortening had a loss of 99% and 98% SMF and TPF, respectively. Wrist extension marginally improved SMF and TPF up to 4 cm mean shortening, where both lost 99%. Loss of any fingertip touchdown occurred after a mean shortening of 4.9 cm in wrist-neutral and 5.3 cm in 30 degrees wrist extension.
Conclusions: Mean forearm shortening of 3 or 4 cm had a near-complete loss of FDP SMF and TPF in wrist-neutral/wrist extension, respectively. With ∼5 cm shortening, there was a complete loss of fingertip touchdown.
Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should consider the influence of forearm shortening on the FDPs and contemplate flexor tendon shortening or alternative reconstructions as indicated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.09.005 | DOI Listing |
J Hand Surg Am
October 2024
Curtis National Hand Center, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address:
Purpose: Surgeons may shorten the forearm for many indications. We quantified the impact of shortening on finger flexion with a cadaver model.
Methods: Ten fresh cadaver proximal forearms were pinned to a static block.
Environ Monit Assess
January 2020
Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India.
Environmental factors along with soil physico-chemical properties play a significant role on the diurnal trend of soil CO efflux. Soil CO efflux in Indian tropical forests is poorly studied. We studied the soil CO efflux in a representative tropical deciduous forest at Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Uttar Pradesh.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
January 2020
Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR - National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India.
In this study, we investigated the relationship between soil properties and litter chemistry in three forest communities, i.e., Sal mixed forest (SMF), dry mixed forest (DMF), and teak plantation forest (TPF), in tropical deciduous forest ecosystem in North India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!