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Transitions through the HIV continuum of care in people enrolling in care with advanced HIV disease in Latin America.
IJID Reg
March 2025
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
Objectives: Advanced HIV disease (AHD) at HIV care enrollment is common in Latin America and may bias cross-sectional care continuum estimates. We therefore explored the impact of AHD on HIV care continuum outcomes using a longitudinal approach.
Methods: We analyzed trajectories of 26,174 adult people with HIV enrolled at Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet) sites (2003-2019) using multi-state Cox regression across five stages: (i) enrolled without antiretroviral therapy (no-ART); (ii) on ART without viral suppression (viral load ≥200 copies/m; ART + non-VS); (iii) on ART with viral suppression (viral load <200 copies/ml; ART + VS); (iv) lost to follow-up; (v) death.
From Farm to Community: Dispersal of Potentially Pathogenic Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus Species and Antimicrobial Resistance Across Shared Environments.
Curr Microbiol
January 2025
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Staphylococcaceae are a diverse bacterial family with important implications for human and animal health. This study highlights the One Health relevance of their environmental dispersal, particularly, by identifying closely related or genetically identical strains circulating between farm and community environments. Environmental Staphylococcaceae strains were isolated from animal farms and interconnected areas within a university setting, both influenced by anthropogenic activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrocortisone Attenuates the Development of Malformations of the Polymicrogyria Spectrum.
Int J Dev Neurosci
February 2025
Neurodegeneration and Repair Lab, Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Most of the malformations of the polymicrogyria spectrum are caused by destructive lesions of the neocortex during the third trimester of pregnancy, triggered by hypoxic-ischemic, hemorrhagic or infectious events, with neuroinflammation as a common pathophysiological mechanism. Our study investigated hydrocortisone treatment in attenuating inflammation, malformations development and seizures predisposition in mice subjected to neonatal transcranial freeze lesion. Our results show attenuation of malformation and predisposition to febrile seizures, with concomitant reduction of macrophages/microglia after neonatal freeze lesion, polarizing them towards an anti-inflammatory profile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with most cervical and anal cancer cases and a large fraction of other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The prophylactic HPV vaccines are known to prevent HPV infections and HPV-associated disease, although there is evidence of reduced response to the HPV vaccination among individuals living with HIV. Prior studies among individuals without HIV suggest that a single HPV vaccine dose induces humoral immune responses that, while lower than those induced by two or three doses, still confer protection against HPV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostic delays prevent most Chagas disease patients from receiving timely therapy during the acute phase when treatment is effective. qPCR-based diagnostic methods provide high sensitivity during this phase but require specialized equipment and complex protocols. More simple and cost-effective tools are urgently needed to optimize early Chagas disease diagnosis in low-income endemic regions.
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