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A Longitudinal Study of Head Circumference Trajectories in Autism and Autistic Traits. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Increased head circumference is a common finding in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), beginning at birth and continuing into adolescence, indicating differences in brain development.
  • - A study compared head sizes of children diagnosed with ASD, those with elevated autistic traits, and typical controls, finding that ASD children consistently had larger head sizes, especially if they also had cognitive learning needs.
  • - In contrast, children with elevated autistic traits showed smaller head circumferences, highlighting that those with a formal ASD diagnosis have a distinct growth pattern compared to those without clinical symptoms.

Article Abstract

Increased head circumference is an established finding in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, it is unclear when this increase occurs, if it persists and whether it manifests across the whole ASD spectrum. Head circumference is a strong predictor of brain size and can therefore provide key insights into brain development in ASD. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to compare head circumference trajectories from birth to 15 years in children with an ASD diagnosis (N = 78, controls = 6,404) or elevated autistic traits as measured using the Social Communication Disorder Checklist (N = 639, controls = 6,230). Exploratory analyses were conducted in those with ASD and co-morbid cognitive learning needs (CLN). Children with an ASD diagnosis had larger head circumference from birth across childhood and adolescence compared to controls in univariable (B = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-1.09, p = 0.001) and multivariable models (B = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.003-0.75, p = 0.048). Differences were more marked in those with co-morbid CLN. Children with elevated autistic traits had significantly smaller head circumference compared to controls. There was weak evidence of group differences when height was included as a covariate. Head circumference trajectories in ASD deviate from control children and persist until adolescence. Autistic traits were associated with smaller head circumference, suggesting distinct growth trajectories between clinical cases from those with non-clinical traits.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06578-xDOI Listing

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