Engineering bacterium for biofilm formation and L-lysine production in continuous fermentation.

Microbial biofilms provide advantages in fermentation processes. However, Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) usually exhibits relatively poor biofilm formation compared to other industrial strains. To develop a biofilm-enhanced fermentation process for C. glutamicum, seven genes potentially related to biofilm formation in C. glutamicum were systematically investigated, which include ppk2B, glgC, virB11, cslA, NCgl2909, NCgl0350 and exeR. Deletion of the NCgl0350, NCgl2909 genes and heterologous expression of the cslA gene were found to increase biofilm amounts by 16.9%, 21.2% and 135%, respectively, compared to the wild-type strain. Meanwhile, the production of L-lysine by engineered strains was assessed in biofilm-based continuous fermentation. The most notable result was observed for the cslA-expressing strain, which produced an average of 26.1% higher L-lysine compared with that of wild-type strain in 6-L bioreactors. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the biofilm formation in C. glutamicum and its application in continuous fermentation processes.