AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how different pig breeds (Duroc, Yorkshire, and Landrace) affect gut microbial diversity and metabolite profiles, using sequencing and untargeted metabolomics methods.
- Results show significant differences in gut microbiomes among the breeds, with specific microorganisms linked to backfat thickness, which can serve as biomarkers for improving pig production traits.
- The findings suggest that the interplay between gut microbiota and metabolites is essential for understanding breed-specific health and production characteristics in commercial pigs.
Article Abstract
Background: Gut microbial composition and its metabolites are crucial for livestock production performance. Metabolite profiles from autopsied biospecimens provide vital information on the basic mechanisms that affect the overall health and production traits in livestock animals. However, the role of the host breed in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome of commercial pigs remains unclear. In this work, differences in microbiota composition among three commercial pig breeds Duroc, Yorkshire, and Landrace were measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolite compositions of the three pig breeds were detected using untargeted metabolomics.
Results: There were significant differences in the gut microbiomes of the three species, indicating that host breed affects the diversity and structure of gut microbiota. Several breed-associated microorganisms were identified at different taxonomic levels. Notely, most microbial taxa were annotated as Lactobacillacea, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. Several bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, Faecalibacterium, Oscillospira, Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, could be considered as biomarkers for improving the backfat thickness (BF) for commercial pigs. Additionally, KEGG analysis of gut microbiota further revealed that arginine biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis varied greatly among pig breeds. Multiple gut bacterial metabolites (e.g., spermidine, estradiol, and palmitic acid) were identified as breed-associated. Mediation analysis ultimately revealed the cross-talk among gut microbiota, metabolites, and BF thickness, proclaiming that the microbial and metabolic biomarkers identified in this study could be used as biomarkers for improving BF phenotype.
Conclusions: This work provides vital insights into breed effects on gut microbiota and metabolite compositions of commercial pigs and uncovers potential biomarkers that are significant for pig breed improvement.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465751 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04308-0 | DOI Listing |
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