Comparison of awake respiratory control versus sleep obstructive sleep apnea endotypes.

J Appl Physiol (1985)

Neuroscience Research Australia (2nd arm work performed), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.

Published: December 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Most research on precision medicine for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) focuses on sleep parameters, but this study highlights the importance of wakefulness physiology measures for predicting OSA therapies.
  • The study investigated the relationship between awake ventilatory control and OSA endotypes, analyzing data from a trial comparing morphine and placebo effects on OSA severity.
  • Findings showed that awake chemosensitivity correlates with critical airway pressures and can predict changes in OSA severity when administered morphine, suggesting awake measures could enhance understanding of OSA physiology.

Article Abstract

Most approaches to advance simplified physiology-based precision medicine strategies for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) focus on sleep parameters (i.e., OSA endotypes). However, wakefulness physiology measures can also provide prediction insight for certain OSA therapies, yet their relationship with sleep parameters has not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to investigate potential relationships between awake ventilatory control parameters and sleep OSA endotypes and their potential to predict changes in OSA severity with morphine. Data were acquired from a randomized, crossover trial that investigated the effects of morphine versus placebo on OSA severity and underlying mechanisms. Here, awake ventilatory chemoreflex testing before overnight polysomnography was compared with direct measures of sleep respiratory control (e.g., hypercapnic ventilatory responses and loop gain) and OSA endotypes during a separate overnight physiology study [pharyngeal critical closure pressure (Pcrit), muscle responsiveness via genioglossus intramuscular electromyography, and arousal threshold via epiglottic pressure catheter to transient continuous positive airway pressure reductions]. Twenty-one men with OSA completed both study arms. During placebo, ) awake chemosensitivity correlated with Pcrit ( = 0.726, = 0.001), ) arousal threshold correlated with awake CO ventilatory response threshold ( = -0.467, = 0.047) and basal ventilation ( = -0.500, = 0.029). Awake chemosensitivity and Pcrit also correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index ( < 0.001) during placebo. Awake chemosensitivity was predictive of changes in OSA severity with morphine ( = -0.535, = 0.013). In conclusion, awake measures of respiratory control are related to physiological endotypes, such as airway collapsibility and arousal threshold during sleep and OSA severity. Awake ventilatory chemosensitivity has the best potential to predict changes in OSA severity with morphine. Both awake ventilatory control measures and OSA endotypes measured during sleep have reported potentials in endotyping/phenotyping OSA, although no randomized, controlled trial has compared/linked between the two techniques. From a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial, we found that awake measures of respiratory control are related to physiological endotypes such as airway collapsibility and arousal threshold during sleep and OSA severity. Awake ventilatory chemosensitivity has the best potential to predict changes in OSA severity with morphine.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00138.2024DOI Listing

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