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E-Cigarette Effects on Oral Health: A Molecular Perspective.
Food Chem Toxicol
December 2024
Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Departments of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City OK 73104, USA; Departments of TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address:
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional smoking and may aid in tobacco harm reduction and smoking cessation. E-cigarette use has notably increased, especially among young non-tobacco users, raising concerns due to the unknown long-term health effects. The oral cavity is the first and one of the most crucial anatomical sites for the deposition of e-cigarette aerosols.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 resistance in solid tumours.
Nature
December 2024
CatalYm, Munich, Germany.
Cancer immunotherapies with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules are clinically active across multiple cancer entities and have markedly improved cancer treatment. Yet, response rates are still limited, and tumour progression commonly occurs. Soluble and cell-bound factors in the tumour microenvironment negatively affect cancer immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreclinical liver toxicity models: Advantages, limitations and recommendations.
Toxicology
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. A.L.M. Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
Experimental animal models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology of liver injuries and for assessing new hepatoprotective agents. Drugs and chemicals such as acetaminophen, isoniazid, valproic acid, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), and thioacetamide (TAA) are metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme, producing hepatotoxic metabolites that lead to both acute and chronic liver injuries. In experimental settings, acetaminophen (centrilobular necrosis), carbamazepine (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation), sodium valproate (necrosis, hydropic degeneration and mild inflammation), methotrexate (sinusoidal congestion and inflammation), and TAA (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation) are commonly used to induce various types of acute liver injuries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreclinical ALM (Adenosine, Lidocaine, Magnesium): Navigating Doubts.
Mayo Clin Proc
November 2024
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
Higher serum myostatin levels are associated with lower insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight/obesity.
Physiol Rep
September 2024
Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers used advanced LC-MS/MS assays to test whether higher serum myostatin levels correlate with lower insulin sensitivity in 74 overweight/obese adults aged 20-65 without type 2 diabetes.
- * The findings revealed that higher serum myostatin levels were linked to lower insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) even after accounting for factors like BMI and sex, suggesting myostatin might play a role in the development of insulin resistance.
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