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Levofloxacin induces erythrocyte contraction leading to red cell death. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The research investigates the effects of levofloxacin, an antibiotic, on erythrocytes (red blood cells), focusing on its potential to induce a type of cell death known as eryptosis through oxidative stress and calcium channel involvement.
  • - Exposure to therapeutic doses of levofloxacin led to significant decreases in antioxidant enzyme activity, cell shrinkage, externalization of phosphatidylserine, and hemolysis, indicating its cytotoxic effects on red blood cells.
  • - The study concludes that while levofloxacin is effective against bacteria, its use can cause oxidative stress and erythrocyte death, highlighting the need for caution and further research to reduce these adverse effects.

Article Abstract

Background: Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is an extensively used antibiotic effective against both positively and negatively staining bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase type II and topoisomerase type IV, resulting in impaired DNA synthesis and bacterial cell death. Eryptosis is another term for apoptotic cell death of erythrocyte marked by cell shrinkage, phosphatidylserine (PS) flipping, and membrane blebbing.

Methods: The intent of the present research was to look at the eryptotic effect of levofloxacin by exposing erythrocytes to therapeutical doses (7, 14 µM) of levofloxacin for 48 hours. Cell size evaluation, PS subjection to outside, and calcium channel inhibition were carried out to investigate eryptosis. Oxidative stress generated by levofloxacin was measured as a putative mechanism of eryptosis using glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities. Similarly, hemolysis measurements demonstrated levofloxacin's cytotoxic effect.

Results: Our findings showed that therapeutic doses of levofloxacin can cause a considerable decline in antioxidant enzymes activities, as well as induce cell shrinkage, PS externalization, and hemolysis in erythrocytes. The role of calcium in triggering erythrocyte shrinkage was also confirmed.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings showed that the indicated levofloxacin doses caused oxidative stress, which leads to erythrocyte death via eryptosis and hemolysis. These findings emphasize the importance of using levofloxacin with caution and the need for additional research to mitigate these side effects.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462248PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/dti.2024.3060DOI Listing

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