AI Article Synopsis
- The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decline in RSV infections in 2020, but in 2021, an unusual spike and irregular seasonal patterns were observed globally, including in Osaka, Japan.
- By 2022, the epidemic size returned to normal, yet the onset timing of RSV infections remained unpredictable for 2022 and 2023.
- Attempts to forecast the 2023 RSV epidemic using historical data were unsuccessful, indicating that the seasonal patterns of RSV are still disrupted post-pandemic and that future monitoring is necessary.
Article Abstract
Objectives: Owing to the nonpharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was nearly absent in 2020. An unusual epidemic size and irregular seasonal pattern were observed worldwide in 2021. In Osaka, Japan, after disrupting the regular pattern of RSV infection dynamics (before the COVID-19 pandemic, RSV epidemics typically start in summer and peak around fall), the epidemic size of RSV infection returned to normal in 2022. However, the epidemic onset timing remained irregular in 2022 and 2023. This study investigated whether the onset of the RSV infection epidemic in 2023 was predictable using previous seasonal patterns.
Methods: The weekly number of RSV infection cases obtained from sentinel pediatric sites between 2007 and the 15th week of 2023 was modeled using the time series susceptible-infected-recovered model. Forecasting of the remainder of 2023 was conducted based on estimated transmission parameters.
Results: None of the estimated transmission rates from previous years successfully forecast the epidemic onset in 2023. Only the transmission rate estimated in the early part of 2023 captured the trend for that year, indicating irregular seasonal transmission rates.
Conclusions: It is still hard to forecast RSV epidemics because of the changed landscape due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The seasonality of RSV infection dynamics has not returned to pre-pandemic level in 2023. Cautious attention to future RSV dynamics in Japan is warranted because further changes may occur in the near future.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462021 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100442 | DOI Listing |
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