Red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume detection in patients with endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia.

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy in women in developed countries, and its incidence is increasing annually. Due to the availability and cost-effectiveness of serum markers of red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV), we decided to investigate these two important markers in patients with endometrial cancer and assess their role in diagnosing the tumor and differentiate it from endometrial hyperplasia and other causes of bleeding.

Methods: This is a case-control study that examined the data of patients who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital during 2022-2023 with complaints of abnormal bleeding and underwent diagnostic curettage. Based on the pathology findings, the patients were divided into 3 groups, including endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and control. The clinical characteristics and results of MPV and RDW were compared in these three groups. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. was used for data analysis.

Results: In this study, 87 women were examined in three groups endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and control with a mean age of 52.70 ± 11.63 years. The results showed that the endometrial cancer group, had higher gravida, underlying disease, history of radiation therapy, anticoagulant therapy, blood transfusion, surgery, and family history of cancer ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, the endometrial cancer group had lower menstrual age and history of using contraceptives than other groups ( < 0.05). In addition, in this study, the results indicated that the levels of MPV and RDW in the endometrial cancer group were significantly higher than in the endometrial hyperplasia and control groups ( < 0.05).

Conclusion: Since MPV and RDW are cheap and accessible and can be easily obtained from complete blood count panels, they can be used as suitable diagnostic markers for endometrial cancer. However, conducting comprehensive multicenter prospective studies with a larger sample size can be helpful.