As a key form of post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs, leading to mRNA decay or translational repression. Recently, the role of miRNAs in the response of aquatic organisms to environmental stressors has emerged. , widely distributed cladocerans, play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacterial blooms often cause populations to decrease, thereby disrupting ecosystem functionality and water quality. However, the post-transcriptional mechanisms behind 's response to toxic cyanobacteria are insufficiently understood. This study investigated the role of miR-210, a multifunctional miRNA involved in stress response and toxicity pathways, and its target genes (, , and ) in two clones exposed to toxic . Results showed that inhibited somatic growth rates, led to microcystin accumulation, caused abnormal ultrastructural alterations in the digestive tract, and induced DNA damage in both clones. Notably, exposure significantly increased miR-210 expression and decreased the expression of its target genes compared with the controls. We identified miR-210s regulation on clonal-tolerance variations in to , emphasizing miRNAs' contribution to adaptive responses. Our work uncovered a novel post-transcriptional mechanism of cyanobacterial impact on zooplankton and provided essential insights for assessing cyanobacterial toxicity risks.
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