Double polymer networks (DNs) consist of two interpenetrating polymer networks and can offer properties that are not merely a sum of the parts. Here, we report an elastic DN made from two supramolecular polymers (SMPs) that consist of the same poly(n-butyl acrylate) (BA) backbone. The two polymers feature different non-covalent binding motifs, which form dynamic, reversible cross-links. The polymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization of n-butyl acrylate and either the self-complementary hydrogen-bonding motif 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone, or the 2,6-bis(1'-methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridine ligand, which forms complexes with metal ions. The supramolecular DN made by these components combines features of the single networks, including high thermal stability and resistance to creep. The DN further exhibits excellent healability and displays a higher extensibility and a higher toughness than its constituents. The mechanical characteristics of the DN can be further enhanced by selectively pre-stretching one of the networks, which is readily possible due to the reversible formation of the supramolecular cross-links and their orthogonal stimuli-responsiveness.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202402511 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Immunologic bile duct destruction is a pathogenic condition associated with vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) after liver transplantation and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. As the bile acid receptor sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) plays a critical role in recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages to sites of cholestatic liver injury, S1PR2 expression was examined using cultured macrophages and patient tissues. Bile canaliculi destruction precedes intrahepatic ductopenia; therefore, we focused on hepatocyte S1PR2 and the downstream RhoA/Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1) signaling pathway and bile canaliculi alterations using three-dimensional hepatocyte culture models that form obvious bile canaliculus-like networks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
Lignin degradation by biocatalysts is a key strategy to develop a plant-based sustainable carbon economy and thus alleviate global climate change. This process involves synergy between ligninases and auxiliary enzymes. However, auxiliary enzymes within secretomes, which are composed of thousands of enzymes, remain enigmatic, although several ligninolytic enzymes have been well characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
With the rapid advancement of soft electronics, particularly the rise of fiber electronics and smart textiles, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance fiber materials with both excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, existing fiber materials including metal fibers, carbon-based fibers, intrinsically conductive polymer fibers, and composite fibers struggle to simultaneously meet the requirements. Here, we introduce a metalgel fiber with a unique structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
January 2025
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
The photocatalytic conversion of CO into products such as CH and CH poses a significant challenge due to the lengthy reaction steps and the high energy barrier involved. In this study, both benzothiadiazole (BTD) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) are introduced into cobalt-based polymerized porphyrinic network (PPN) through a C-C coupling reaction. This modification of orbital energy levels that strengthens the ability of gain electrons and facilitates the charge transfer in PPN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomater Sci Polym Ed
January 2025
Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Bone disorders have increased with increasing the human lifespan, and despite the tissue's ability to self-regeneration, in many congenital problems and hard fractures, bone grafting such as autograft, allograft, and biomaterials implantation through surgery is traditionally used. Because of the adverse effects of these methods, the emergence of injectable hydrogels without the need for surgery and causing more pain for the patient is stunning to develop a new pattern for hard tissue engineering. These materials are formed with various natural and synthetic polymers with a crosslinked network through various chemical methods such as click chemistry, Michael enhancement, Schiff's base and enzymatic reaction and physical interactions with high water absorption which can mimic the environment of cells.
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