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Repeated radon exposure induced ATM kinase-mediated DNA damage response and protective autophagy in mice and human bronchial epithelial cells. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Radon is a natural gas that can cause lung cancer, and this study looked at how it harms DNA in mice and human lung cells.
  • The researchers checked for DNA damage and how the cells tried to fix it after being exposed to radon.
  • They found that radon exposure caused serious DNA problems and triggered specific cell repair processes, meaning cells worked to survive the damage done by the gas.

Article Abstract

Objective: Radon ( Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that has been closely linked with the development of lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the radon-induced DNA strand breaks, a critical event in lung carcinogenesis, and the corresponding DNA damage response (DDR) in mice and human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells.

Methods: Biomarkers of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), DNA repair response to DSBs, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, autophagy, and a cell apoptosis signaling pathway as well as cell-cycle arrest and the rate of apoptosis were determined in mouse lung and BEAS-2B cells after radon exposure.

Results: Repeated radon exposure induced DSBs indicated by the increasing expressions of γ-Histone 2AX (H2AX) protein and gene in a time and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a panel of ATM-dependent repair cascades [i.e. non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ), cell-cycle arrest and the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/Bax apoptosis signaling pathway] as well as the autophagy process were activated. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine pre-treatment partially reversed the expression of NHEJ-related genes induced by radon exposure in BEAS-2B cells.

Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that long-term exposure to radon gas induced DNA lesions in the form of DSBs and a series of ATM-dependent DDR pathways. Activation of the ATM-mediated autophagy may provide a protective and pro-survival effect on radon-induced DSBs.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457374PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfae165DOI Listing

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