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Effects of laser wavelength and pulse energy on the evaporation behavior of TiN coatings in atom probe tomography: A multi-instrument study.
Ultramicroscopy
January 2025
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable Hard Coatings at the Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
The impact of the laser wavelength on accuracy in elemental composition analysis in atom probe tomography (APT) was investigated. Three different commercial atom probe systems - LEAP 3000X HR, LEAP 5000 XR, and LEAP 6000 XR - were systematically compared for a TiN model coating studying the effect of shorter laser wavelengths, especially in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) range, on the evaporation behavior. The findings demonstrate that the use of shorter wavelengths enhances the accuracy in elemental composition, while maintaining similar electric field strengths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-Driving Microscopes: AI Meets Super-Resolution Microscopy.
Small Methods
January 2025
Dept. Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
The integration of Machine Learning (ML) with super-resolution microscopy represents a transformative advancement in biomedical research. Recent advances in ML, particularly deep learning (DL), have significantly enhanced image processing tasks, such as denoising and reconstruction. This review explores the growing potential of automation in super-resolution microscopy, focusing on how DL can enable autonomous imaging tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe properties of solids: 'If you want to understand function, study structure'.
J Phys Condens Matter
January 2025
Peter-Grünberg-Institut PGI-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
The importance of the structure-function relationship in molecular biology was confirmed dramatically by the recent award of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 'for computational protein design' and 'for protein structure prediction'. The relationship is also important in chemistry and condensed matter physics, and we survey here structural concepts that have been developed over the past century, particularly in chemistry. As an example we take structural phase transitions in phase-change materials (PCM), which can be switched rapidly and reversibly between amorphous and crystalline states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe recent Physics and Chemistry Nobel Prizes, AI, and the convergence of knowledge fields.
Patterns (N Y)
December 2024
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
This article examines the convergence of physics, chemistry, and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighted by recent Nobel Prizes. It traces the historical development of neural networks, emphasizing interdisciplinary research's role in advancing AI. The authors advocate for nurturing AI-enabled polymaths to bridge the gap between theoretical advancements and practical applications, driving progress toward artificial general intelligence (AGI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnti-gene oligonucleotide clamps invade dsDNA and downregulate expression.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids
December 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
Anti-gene oligonucleotides belong to a group of therapeutic compounds, which, in contrast to antisense oligonucleotides, bind to DNA. Clamp anti-gene oligonucleotides bind through a double-stranded invasion mechanism. With two arms connected by a linker, they hybridize to one of the DNA strands forming Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds.
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