Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Context.—: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are rare in children and have unique clinical manifestations and implications.

Objective.—: To review the clinical features, pathogenesis, and classification of pediatric MDS.

Data Sources.—: Published literature and personal experience.

Conclusions.—: Pediatric MDS vastly differs from adult MDS. Evaluation for the presence of an underlying germline predisposition syndrome is critical for optimal classification and management. Because of the rarity of cases, resources to aid with the recognition, diagnosis, and management of pediatric MDS are limited, and multi-institutional collaborative studies are needed for the future.