Discovering the most impactful treatments for aluminum phosphide cardiotoxicity gleaned from systematic review of animal studies.

Hum Exp Toxicol

Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a dangerous chemical that can cause death by harming heart cells, and there aren't any approved medicines to treat it yet.
  • Researchers are looking into different ways to lessen the harmful effects of AlP poisoning, including improving heart function and using various compounds.
  • Some treatments like fresh red blood cell transfusion and certain medicines show promise in helping patients, but more research is needed to confirm the best ways to treat AlP poisoning.

Article Abstract

Introduction: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a chemical compound that can cause death in some countries. AlP inhibits the functioning of cytochrome C oxidase in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes, leading to toxicity. Oxidative stress and ROS production, as well as inflammatory signaling, mediate the mechanisms of AlP-related toxicity in the poisoned patient. Unfortunately, there are no approved medicines available to treat AlP poisoning yet. To address this issue, researchers have explored various interventions to reduce the toxicity associated with AlP tablets.

Methods: We systematically searched relevant databases for English articles published between 2013 and 2024.

Results: The evaluated treatments included correcting oxidative stress parameters, enhancing exogenous antioxidant capacity, modifying electrocardiographic abnormalities, and improving heart contraction strength. Our evaluation indicated that compounds like Triiodothyronine, Vasopressin and milrinone, Iron sucrose, Acetyl-l-carnitine, Melatonin, Fresh red blood cell transfusion, Minocycline, extract, Dihydroxyacetone, Selegiline, Nanocurcumin, Levosimendan, Exenatide, Taurine, Cannabidiol and Edaravone are effective in lessening AlP-induced cardiotoxicity.

Conclusion: Based on the present study's findings and the evaluation of clinical studies, dihydroxyacetone, fresh red blood cell infusion, Oil-based disinfection, and gastric lavage have the most potential to save patients' lives and treat acute aluminum phosphide. However, there is a need for more research in this regard.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09603271241290922DOI Listing

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