On the basis of epidemiological study in closed children's population of Bratislava (350 000 inhabitants, out of them 70 000 children) the conclusions about falling urolithiasis incidence in children of urban population are drawn. Analysis and clinical evaluations of 287 children's patients with urolithiasis shows that in solitary calculi (in partial casts as well) the results of treatment are very good, repeated recurrences are rare. The results are considerably worse in multiple and great staghorn stones. The importance of first surgical treatment, in which all stones should be removed, as well as principles of both general and specific treatment in relationship with stone composition and metabolic disturbances are stressed.
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