Military physicians working in resource-constrained environments, including reduced access to care, must evaluate for any circumstances that would necessitate an aeromedical evacuation to a higher level of care; this is particularly important in foreign countries. Due to these circumstances, military physicians must be resourceful while maintaining expertise to stabilize and treat any medical issue whether or not evacuation is requested. A 26-year-old female requested urgent care evaluation after she endured an accidental traumatic nipple stud removal at an austere military base located in Egypt. Upon initial evaluation at the base clinic, a left nipple bifurcation was identified. The case was complicated by a subsequent spontaneously draining bacterial infection at the base of the bifurcation, which resolved without further complication following antibiotic course and daily monitoring. Furthermore, adhesive strips were applied daily to approximate the nipple, which was critical to the restoration of gross anatomy. As such, the nipple bifurcation was held in place utilizing adhesive strips, thereby producing counterforce to facilitate healing by primary intention for two weeks resulting in a favorable cosmetic outcome. Ultimately, the patient's clinical course resulted in a well-healed and well-approximated linear scar on her left nipple. Long-term distal milk duct function is unable to be assessed outside of lactation periods or advanced imaging, but given the location and extent of the injury, a plastic surgery evaluation and imaging were deferred. This case report outlines the management considerations, literature search, and treatment course of a rare, unreported injury type in an austere, military environment along with consideration of future research.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.68833 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
September 2024
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Evans Army Community Hospital, Fort Carson, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng
December 2021
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
Human milk extraction from the breast is affected by the infant's oral activities. Natural suckling by the infant includes both intraoral vacuum and peripheral oral compression during breastfeeding. However, the contribution of each of these motions to milk extraction at the outlet and at the duct bifurcations is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Biomed Eng
November 2020
Objective: This work introduces a bio-inspired breastfeeding simulator (BIBS), an experimental apparatus that mimics infant oral behavior and milk extraction, with the application of studying the breastfeeding mechanism in vitro.
Methods: The construction of the apparatus follows a clinical study by the authors that collects measurements of natural intra-oral vacuum, the pressure from infant's jaw, tongue and upper palate, as well as nipple deformation on the breast areola area. The infant feeding mechanism simulator consists of a self-programmed vacuum pump assembly simulating the infant's oral vacuum, two linear actuators mimicking the oral compressive forces, and a motor-driven gear representing the tongue motion.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
November 2015
This work studies a simple model for milk transport through lactating human breast ducts, and describes mathematically the mass transfer from alveolar sacs through the mammary ducts to the nipple. In this model both the phenomena of diffusion in the sacs and conventional flow in ducts have been considered. The ensuing analysis reveals that there is an optimal range of bifurcation numbers leading to the easiest milk flow based on the minimum flow resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis work studies a model for milk transport through lactating human breast ducts and describes mathematically the mass transfer from alveolar sacs through the mammary ducts to the nipple. In this model, both the phenomena of diffusion in the sacs and conventional flow in ducts have been considered. The ensuing analysis reveals that there is an optimal range of bifurcation numbers leading to the easiest milk flow based on the minimum flow resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!