AI Article Synopsis
- Vitamin B, specifically cobalamin, is essential for human health as it plays key roles in converting l-methylmalonyl coenzyme A to succinyl coenzyme A and in forming methionine from homocysteine.
- Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes like animals and plants cannot synthesize vitamin B, so humans need to obtain it from dietary sources such as meat, dairy, fish, and eggs, putting vegetarians at risk for deficiency.
- This review covers the biological aspects of vitamin B, its functions, causes and symptoms of deficiency, diagnostic methods, prevention and treatment approaches, as well as its pharmacological applications and potential toxicity.
Article Abstract
Vitamin B, cobalamin, is indispensable for humans owing to its participation in two biochemical reactions: the conversion of l-methylmalonyl coenzyme A to succinyl coenzyme A, and the formation of methionine by methylation of homocysteine. Eukaryotes, encompassing plants, fungi, animals and humans, do not synthesise vitamin B, in contrast to prokaryotes. Humans must consume it in their diet. The most important sources include meat, milk and dairy products, fish, shellfish and eggs. Due to this, vegetarians are at risk to develop a vitamin B deficiency and it is recommended that they consume fortified food. Vitamin B behaves differently to most vitamins of the B complex in several aspects, e.g. it is more stable, has a very specific mechanism of absorption and is stored in large amounts in the organism. This review summarises all its biological aspects (including its structure and natural sources as well as its stability in food, pharmacokinetics and physiological function) as well as causes, symptoms, diagnosis (with a summary of analytical methods for its measurement), prevention and treatment of its deficiency, and its pharmacological use and potential toxicity.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954422424000210 | DOI Listing |
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