This article assesses the cyclical failures of NHS data modernisation programmes, and considers that they fail because they proceed from a faulty - excessively paternalistic - governance model. Bias in algorithmic delivery of healthcare, a demonstrated problem with many existing health applications, is another serious risk. To regain trust and move towards better use of data in the NHS, we should democratise the development of these systems, and de-risk operational systems from issues such as automation bias. As a comparison, the essay explores two approaches to trust and bias problems in other contexts: Taiwan's digital democracy, and American Airlines' struggles to overcome automation bias in their pilots.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fhj.2024.100180 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
Complex structures can be understood as compositions of smaller, more basic elements. The characterization of these structures requires an analysis of their constituents and their spatial configuration. Examples can be found in systems as diverse as galaxies, alloys, living tissues, cells, and even nanoparticles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Background: Overconsumption of food and consumption of any amount of alcohol increases the risk of non-communicable diseases. Calorie (energy) labelling is advocated as a means to reduce energy intake from food and alcoholic drinks. However, there is continued uncertainty about these potential impacts, with a 2018 Cochrane review identifying only a small body of low-certainty evidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Form Res
January 2025
Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States, 1 6177322961.
The integration of large language models (LLMs), as seen with the generative pretrained transformers series, into health care education and clinical management represents a transformative potential. The practical use of current LLMs in health care sparks great anticipation for new avenues, yet its embracement also elicits considerable concerns that necessitate careful deliberation. This study aims to evaluate the application of state-of-the-art LLMs in health care education, highlighting the following shortcomings as areas requiring significant and urgent improvements: (1) threats to academic integrity, (2) dissemination of misinformation and risks of automation bias, (3) challenges with information completeness and consistency, (4) inequity of access, (5) risks of algorithmic bias, (6) exhibition of moral instability, (7) technological limitations in plugin tools, and (8) lack of regulatory oversight in addressing legal and ethical challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
January 2025
Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) has emerged as a pivotal technique for probing biomolecular dynamics over time at nanometer scales. Quantitative analyses of smFRET time traces remain challenging due to confounding factors such as low signal-to-noise ratios, photophysical effects such as bleaching and blinking, and the complexity of modeling the underlying biomolecular states and kinetics. The dynamic distance information shaping the smFRET trace powerfully uncovers even transient conformational changes in single biomolecules both at or far from equilibrium, relying on trace idealization to identify specific interconverting states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Legal Med
January 2025
Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Retzius v. 5, 171 65 Stockholm, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden.
The diagnostic use of the diatom test for drowning has been under investigation for more than a century. Despite continuing research, its true usefulness remains controversial and under debate. Data regarding the extent to which diatoms can penetrate the lungs and other organs of drowning victims are conflicting; similar discrepancies exist as to the presence of diatoms in the organs of living individuals; and as to the occurrence of postmortem (PM) contamination.
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