AI Article Synopsis
- People living in cities face different environmental risks that can affect their health, especially pregnant women, babies, and kids.
- The review looked at many studies from 2016 to 2022 to understand how things like air pollution, noise, and even the places we live and eat impact health outcomes.
- The findings showed 104 connections between city life risks and health problems, with birth issues and breathing problems being the most affected.
Article Abstract
Background: Urban settlements have become the main living environment. Understanding the impact of urban exposures on human health has therefore become a growing area of research. Up-to-date knowledge about the influence of urban exposures on pregnant women's and children's health is especially relevant, as they are particularly vulnerable to certain external influences.
Aim: This review aims to provide a synthesis of systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting on an association between the urban environmental risk factors and health outcomes in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents.
Methods: We conducted an umbrella review, methodically analysing systematic reviews with meta-analyses, published between January 2016 and December 2022 in PubMed or Scopus. Adhering to the PRISMA checklist, we searched for free text using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to air pollution, noise pollution, temperature, green space exposure, built and food environment, health outcomes, children (aged 0-18 years), pregnancy and systematic reviews with meta-analyses. We extracted key characteristics of each included study and assessed the quality of the included studies via the R-AMSTAR 2 tool.
Results: Twenty-four studies met our inclusion criteria and identified 104 associations including 15 exposures and 60 health outcomes. The most frequently studied associations were related to air pollutants, followed by the built and food environment and noise. Birth outcomes (including low birth weight, pre-term birth or stillbirth) were the most commonly affected health outcomes, followed by respiratory outcomes such as asthma or respiratory infections. A total of 45 exposure-response function were reported to be statistically significant, including 10 exposures and 23 health effects.
Conclusion: This umbrella review provides an overview of the evidence and availability of exposure response functions between selected urban exposures and child health outcomes. This helps to identify research gaps and to build the basis for health impact assessment.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.120084 | DOI Listing |
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