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Synthesis of high-efficient low-cost fertilizer carriers based on biodegradable lignin hydrogels. | LitMetric
Conventional fertilizers face environmental and economic challenges due to their high solubility, leading to significant losses via runoff and leachate. This study presents a biodegradable hydrogel, synthesized from lignin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), designed as an eco-friendly carrier for struvite (fertilizer) with controlled phosphate release. The hydrogel was analysed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the prepared hydrogels demonstrated high water absorption capacities (963.4 %, 706.4 %, and 410 % for LH, LH, and LH, respectively) and exhibited Fickian diffusion behaviour. Phosphate release studies showed a gradual release over 6-8 h with concentrations of 20.5 ppm, 19.45 ppm, and 17.85 ppm for St-LH, St-LH, and St-LH. These lignin-based hydrogels offer a promising, cost-effective solution for slow-release fertilizers with high efficiency.
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