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Fast determination of organophosphate esters and their metabolites in human matrices by a straightforward cold-induced strategy coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their metabolites (mOPEs) are increasingly recognized as harmful environmental pollutants, prompting the need for better analytical methods to measure them in human samples.
  • This study developed a streamlined analytical technique using cold-induced liquid-liquid extraction (CI-LLE) and HPLC-MS/MS to simultaneously detect 18 OPEs and 10 mOPEs in human serum, urine, and milk.
  • Results confirmed that the method had high sensitivity (with detection limits as low as 0.1 pg/mL), good recovery rates (80-123%), and minimal interference from the sample matrix, highlighting the widespread presence of OPEs and mOPEs in humans.

Article Abstract

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly used chemicals and are also regarded as emerging environmental pollutants. Recently, it has been proved that metabolites of OPEs (mOPEs) could also cause health concerns. However, analytical methods for the concurrent measurement of OPEs and mOPEs in human matrices are still complicated. In this study, a convenient and efficient analytical method combining a cold-induced strategy and HPLC-MS/MS was developed to simultaneously determine 18 OPEs and 10 mOPEs in human serum, urine, and human milk. In brief, after the sample was extracted with acetonitrile, a "one-step" treatment combining purification and enrichment was accomplished by cold-induced liquid-liquid extraction (CI-LLE), and analytes were then quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The ratio of acetonitrile/water, and the temperature and time set in the CI-LLE procedure were optimized for achieving the highest enrichment factors. Under the best conditions, linearity, limits of detection (LODs), recovery, precision, and matrix effects of OPEs/mOPEs were verified. LODs of OPEs/mOPEs in serum, urine, and human milk were 0.1-113 pg/mL, 0.1-22 pg/mL, and 0.2-22 pg/mL, respectively. Average recoveries ranged from 80 to 123%, with relative standard deviations lower than 15% for most analytes. The matrix effect test showed slight signal enhancement or inhibition, and the use of isotopically labeled internal standards (ISs) could compensate for the effects. In real sample analysis, both OPEs and mOPEs showed high detecting frequency, which indicated their ubiquity in humans.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05572-7DOI Listing

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