Self-testing strategy to eliminate Hepatitis C as per WHO's goal: Analysis of disease burden and cost-effectiveness.

Background/aims: The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to eliminate hepatitis C Virus (HCV) by 2030, therefore, widespread HCV screening is required. The WHO recommends HCV self-testing (HCVST) as a new approach. We aimed to evaluate disease burden reduction using the HCVST screening strategy and identify the most cost-effective approach.

Methods: We developed a dynamic open-cohort Markov model to assess the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of HCVST in the Republic of Korea from 2024 to 2030. Strategies for comparison included universal, birth cohort, high-risk group screening, and no screening, focusing on the following: (1) incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) saved; (2) severe liver disease cases; and (3) liver-related death reduction.

Results: Universal HCVST screening is the most effective strategy for achieving the WHO goal by 2030, substantially lowering the incidence of severe liver disease by 71% and preventing liver-related deaths by 69 %, thereby averting 267,942 DALYs. Moreover, with an ICER of $8,078 per DALY and high cost-effectiveness, the sensitivity results prove that cost-effectiveness is robust. Although high-risk group screening offers the lowest cost compared with other strategies, its effectiveness in preventing severe liver disease is minimal, falling short of the current WHO goal.

Conclusions: Our study confirms that universal HCVST screening is a cost-effective strategy aligned with the WHO goal to eliminate HCV by 2030. Despite its higher costs compared to risk-based screening, the disease burden can be significantly reduced by providing effective HCVST access to individuals who might otherwise not be tested.