Glob Public Health
School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Published: January 2024
Interactions between International Organisations (IOs) within a regime complex often manifest themselves through competition and cooperation. Current research has examined the factors that promote inter-organisational competition and cooperation, yet the precise timing of when such competition or cooperation commences remains unclear. This paper focuses on two pivotal IOs in global health governance, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank, to explore the timing and onset of competition and cooperation within a regime complex, as well as the driving factors in the evolution of their inter-organisational relationships. By looking into the interactions between the WHO and the World Bank in norm-setting and resource mobilising, the paper sheds light on how their relationships have transitioned from competitors to cooperators. It systematically presents the mechanisms and processes of policy transformation in inter-organisational interactions. As a new agenda arises, IOs within a regime complex often compete for dominance, with ideational differences driving them to propose and implement distinct governance strategies. They will compete for resources and mainstream of their strategy. The negative spillover effects of competitive policies consequently undermine the effectiveness of IOs' policy, thereby undercut their legitimacy. To surmount these challenges, the international community should promote inter-institutional coordination in global governance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2024.2408608 | DOI Listing |
Children (Basel)
December 2024
Motor Action Research Group (GIAM), Institut de Desenvolupament Social i Territorial (INDEST), National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Av. de l'Estadi 12-22, Anella Olímpica, E-08038 Barcelona, Spain.
Background/objectives: Socio-affective relationships have garnered increasing attention in recent years as a means to enhance coexistence and well-being. Within this context, educational institutions play a pivotal role in shaping peaceful coexistence and promoting well-being among future generations. Physical Education (PE) is particularly significant, because it integrates cooperative-opposition activities, which blend collaboration and competition, fostering socio-emotional development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
January 2025
College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300380, China.
The safety and health of food have been persistent concerns, particularly about meat products. Low-temperature meat products refer to those that are processed at lower temperatures. Meat, rich in proteins and other nutrients, is highly susceptible to microbial contamination, leading to spoilage, particularly when processed at lower temperatures that increase storage and transportation requirements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Biotechnol
January 2025
Terra Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium. Electronic address:
Much attention has focused on understanding microbial interactions leading to stable co-cultures. In this work, substrate pulsing was performed to promote better control of the metabolic niches (MNs) corresponding to each species, leading to the continuous co-cultivation of diverse microbial organisms. We used a cell-machine interface, which allows adjustment of the temporal profile of two MNs according to a rhythm, ensuring the successive growth of two species, in our case, a yeast and a bacterium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Multi-agent systems often face challenges such as elevated communication demands, intricate interactions, and difficulties in transferability. To address the issues of complex information interaction and model scalability, we propose an innovative hierarchical graph attention actor-critic reinforcement learning method. This method naturally models the interactions within a multi-agent system as a graph, employing hierarchical graph attention to capture the complex cooperative and competitive relationships among agents, thereby enhancing their adaptability to dynamic environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
The innate immune system plays a critical role in the rapid recognition and elimination of pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among these PRRs are the C-type lectins (CTLs) langerin, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), and surfactant protein D (SP-D), which recognize carbohydrate patterns on pathogens. Each represents proteins from different compartments of the body and employs separate effector mechanisms.
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