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The neurexin superfamily, consisting of neurexins and Casprs, play important roles in the development, maintenance, function, and plasticity of neuronal circuits. Caspr/CNTNAP genes are linked to alterations in neuronal circuits and associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. Casprs are implicated in multiple neuronal signaling pathways, including dopamine; however, the molecular mechanisms by which Casprs differentially alter specific signaling pathways and downstream behaviors are unclear. We find that the C. elegans Caspr nlr-1 functions in neurons to control foraging behaviors, acting in distinct monoamine neurons to modulate locomotor activity in the presence or absence of food. nlr-1 functions in dopamine neurons to reduce activity in the absence of food, similar to the role of dopamine, and regulates dopamine signaling through D2-like receptors. Furthermore, nlr-1 contributes to proper morphology and presynaptic structure of dopamine neurons, dopamine receptor expression and localization, and the behavioral response to dopamine. We find that nlr-1 similarly regulates another dopamine-dependent behavior, the basal slowing response. Therefore, spatial manipulation of a broadly expressed neuronal gene is sufficient to alter neural circuits and behavior and uncovers important functions masked by global manipulation, highlighting the importance of genetic variation and mechanisms that impact spatial expression of genes to behavior.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06936-6 | DOI Listing |
J Neural Transm (Vienna)
December 2024
IAB - Interdisciplinary Working Group for Movement Disorders, Hamburg, Germany.
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is now generally considered to be a task-specific focal dystonia. For the first time, we wanted to explore the relationship between SD and dystonia from a combined neurological and phoniatric perspective. For this, we studied 115 patients with non-psychogenic SD by a combined neurological and phoniatric evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheriogenology
December 2024
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Veterinary and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. Electronic address:
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural antioxidant, plays a vital role in modulating sperm function, yet its protective impact on boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 4 °C remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of EGCG on boar semen preservation, and elucidate the potential mechanism. Multiple parameters including sperm quality, anti-oxidative status, protein phosphorylation levels, membrane receptor and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signaling pathways were analyzed using computer-assisted semen analysis system, Western blot and molecular docking techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Healthc Mater
December 2024
Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Biomaterial-assisted therapeutic strategies enable precise modulation to direct endogenous cellular responses and harness regenerative capabilities for nerve repair. However, achieving effective cellular engagement during nerve remodeling remains challenging. Herein, a novel composite nerve guidance conduit (NGC), the GelMA/PLys@PDA-Fe@PLCL conduit is developed by combining aligned poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibers modified with polydopamine (PDA), ferrous iron (Fe⁺), and polylysine (PLys) with aligned methacrylate-anhydride gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel nanofibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of existing antidepressants in many cases does not allow achieving stable remission, probably due to insufficient understanding of pathological mechanisms. This indicates the need for the development of more effective drugs based on in-depth understanding of MDD's pathophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Pharmacol
December 2024
Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Exposure to stressful conditions such as forced swim stress (FSS) induces antinociception. Previous reports determined that dopamine receptors in the CA1 hippocampal area are important in chronic pain processing. Considering that neural mechanisms behind acute and chronic pain differ significantly, in this study, we have investigated the role of dopamine receptors within the CA1 region in the FSS-induced antinociceptive response in the acute pain induced by the tail-flick test in the rat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!