Pain is an objective, natural reality among sentient creatures that possess cognition and mobility sufficient for apprehending and acting upon its full significance. Defining pain mostly in mental terms makes sense for self-conscious psychology and vocabulary. Pain as a natural capacity among animals did not evolve merely to be aligned with human semantics and intuitions. Much about pain operates beneath the level of accessible and explicit consciousness, and pain as a sensory feeling probably arose before mammalian cognition. Pain should not be viewed as just a simple sensation of utter subjectivity. It displays qualitative variance, degrees of intensity, fluctuating durations, and deflects and/or captures attention. These features of pain situate it prominently within awareness amidst the myriad physical feelings and emotions that influence behavior. The significance of pain cannot omit felt painfulness, and pain wouldn't be painful without its urgent significance for redirecting bodily activity. Most pain shares characteristics of being hurtful, engaging, emotive, and directive (i.e.,- HEED). So delineated, pain evolved to be HEED-ed. Our proposed operational delimitation at first glance appears to be physiological, but its reliance upon the bio-psychosocial actuality of the painient organism renders it inter-theoretically reducible and expandable. This delineation of pain necessitates its being HEED-ed by the organism in which it occurs; and hence ethically heeded by those who profess to study and treat it.
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J Integr Neurosci
December 2024
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy.
The evidence on how touch-based therapy acts on the brain activity opens novel cues for the treatment of chronic pain conditions for which no definitive treatment exists. Touch-based therapies, particularly those involving C-tactile (CT)-optimal touch, have gained increasing attention for their potential in modulating pain perception and improving psychological well-being. While previous studies have focused on the biomechanical effects of manual therapy, recent research has shifted towards understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCJC Open
December 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Background: The objective of this study was to assess the health outcomes for patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with cardiac chest pain after the implementation of an accelerated diagnostic protocol using a high-sensitivity troponin assay (hs-TnI).
Methods: This prospective before-after cohort study used population-based linked health administrative data for adult patients who presented to a Canadian urban ED with chest pain of suspected cardiac origin over a 2-year study period. The primary outcome was ED length of stay (LOS).
CJC Open
December 2024
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Background: Myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), and ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA), are female-predominant conditions; clinical trials are lacking to guide medical management for the common underlying vasomotor etiologies. Data on long-term outcomes of (M)INOCA patients following attendance at a women's heart centre (WHC) are lacking.
Methods: Women diagnosed with MINOCA (n = 51) or INOCA (n = 112) were prospectively followed for 3 years at the Leslie Diamond WHC (LDWHC) in Vancouver.
Case Rep Neurol Med
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
This study reports a rare case of referred pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution caused by entrapment of the greater occipital nerve (GON). Notably, the pain extended to the ipsilateral tongue, an unusual intraoral involvement. GON entrapment can lead to sensitization in secondary nociceptive neurons within the trigeminocervical complex (TCC), which receives signals from both trigeminal and occipital nerves, causing referred facial pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Orthop
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Soft-tissue sarcoma involving the popliteal fossa remains challenging because it is difficult to achieve wide margins with limb salvage in this location. Adjuvant therapy is frequently necessary, and limb function can be adversely affected. We reviewed our experience with these tumors.
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