AI Article Synopsis
- Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are crucial stress-related enzymes that help activate and differentiate lymphocytes through transphosphorylation cascades.
- Recent research has revealed a new mode of MAPK signaling in aged immune systems, which occurs via self-phosphorylation within a newly identified immune-inhibitory complex called the sestrin-MAPK activation complex (sMAC).
- The chapter emphasizes methodologies for studying these signaling pathways both on a population scale and at the single cell level to enhance the understanding of immune cell rejuvenation and development.
Article Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases, a family of three stress-related kinases, the Erks and Jnks and p38s, are activated by three-layer transphosphorylation cascades and are important for the activation, differentiation, and effector functions of lymphocytes. Recent studies on the aged immune systems from both humans and mice have uncovered a different mode of MAPK signaling that is independent of canonical activation cascades and instead occurs through simultaneous self-phosphorylation reactions within the sestrin-MAPK activation complex (sMAC), an immune-inhibitory complex not previously observed. In this chapter, we discuss methodologies to study these pathways at the population and single cell level, which allows rejuvenating immune cell differentiation and fate.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4128-6_6 | DOI Listing |
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