Rapid instructed task learning is impaired after stroke and associated with impairments in prepotent inhibition and processing speed.

Objective: Motor rehabilitation is a central contributor to motor recovery after stroke. Rehabilitation could be hampered by stroke-associated cognitive impairments such as the decreased ability to follow instructions. Rapid instructed task learning (RITL) was never directly studied in older adults and subjects with stroke. The aim of this study was to assess RITL following stroke and its underlying cognitive determinants.

Method: Thirty-one subjects with chronic stroke and 36 age-matched controls completed a computerized cognitive examination that included an antisaccade task for measuring prepotent inhibition and processing speed and stimulus-response association task (NEXT) for measuring RITL and proactive inhibition.

Results: RITL abilities were impaired after stroke ( = 0.72), together with prepotent inhibition ( = 0.71) and processing speed ( = 1.12). A correlation analysis revealed that RITL is associated with prepotent inhibition abilities and with processing speed.

Conclusions: Subjects with stroke show impairments in the ability to follow instructions, that may be related to their impaired prepotent inhibition and processing speed. The causal effect of RITL impairments on the responsivity to rehabilitation and on motor recovery should be examined. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).