Expanding the cyanobacterial flora of India: Multiple novel species of Nostoc and Desmonostoc from Jammu and Kashmir, India using a polyphasic approach.

This investigation reports the polyphasic characterization of six cyanobacterial strains that were isolated from Basantgarh village of district Udhampur in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Morphological examination of the isolated strains indicated that the strains are members of the genus Nostoc or its morphotypes. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene showed that five strains clustered in the Nostoc sensu stricto clade, whereas one strain clustered in the Desmonostoc clade. Further, comparative studies with their phylogenetically related taxa, based on morphology, folded secondary structures, phylogeny of the ITS rRNA region, and the percent genetic homology of 16S rRNA gene and ITS rRNA region clearly established the strains as novel taxa belonging to the genera Nostoc and Desmonostoc. Also, two strains 21A-PS and 2JNA-PS emerged as conspecific to each other, representing the same species of Nostoc. Hence, in accordance with the International code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this study describes Nostoc jammuense, Nostoc globosum, Nostoc breve, and Nostoc coriaceum, as novel species of the genus Nostoc, while Desmonostoc raii is described as a novel species of the genus Desmonostoc. This study adds novel species of Nostoc from Indian habitats and reinforces the need to explore the Nostoc sensu stricto clade for more novel taxa.