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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Targets Astrocytes via Cell-Free and Cell-Associated Infection. | LitMetric
Background : Infection of astrocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) remains a topic of debate, with conflicting data, yet instances of astrocytes containing viral DNA have been observed . In this study, we aimed to elucidate potential routes through which astrocytes could be infected and their ability to produce infectious particles using primary human astrocytes.Methods : We infected primary astrocytes derived from either neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that express both C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) coreceptors, using either cell-free HIV-1 virus directly or cell-associated virus indirectly through infected macrophages and microglia.Results : Low-level infectivity by cell-free viruses was primarily attributed to a defect in the entry process. Bypassing HIV-specific receptor-mediated entry using pseudotyped viruses resulted in productive infection and the release of infectious particles.Conclusions : These findings suggest that astrocytes may be one of the potential sources of neurotoxicity in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and could possibly act as reservoirs for HIV in the central nervous system (CNS).
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