Neuropsychology is an integral component of health care assessment for persons with vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Since syndromes of vascular cognitive decline have multiple and varying pathophysiologies, anatomic brain locations, and levels of severity, neuropsychological assessment can be critical to clarify the cognitive manifestations of the disease, potential consequences for the patient and family, as well as the prognosis for future life planning. Cognitive profiles of vascular cognitive declines and relevant neuropsychological literature are reviewed here to provide the practicing physician with guidance for best clinical care practices.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2024.05.006 | DOI Listing |
Mol Neurodegener
January 2025
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is marked by profound neurovascular dysfunction and significant cell-specific alterations in the brain vasculature. Recent advances in high throughput single-cell transcriptomics technology have enabled the study of the human brain vasculature at an unprecedented depth. Additionally, the understudied niche of cerebrovascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells, and their subtypes have been scrutinized for understanding cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity in AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Neurobiol
January 2025
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Neuroinflammation has been acknowledged as being one of the main pathologies that occur following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Since it significantly contributes to neuronal cell damage and thereby leads to cognitive impairment, the signals related to inflammation in hypoperfusion injury have been extensively investigated over the past few years. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the key receptor responsible for immune and inflammatory reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeroscience
January 2025
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
A healthy diet is a key determinant of successful aging. However, the psychological, social, and physiological changes associated with ageing often disrupt dietary behaviours. Hungary has one of the highest rates of chronic age-related diseases in the European Union, exacerbated by unhealthy dietary patterns and rapid population aging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, CHU de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS & Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France.
Computational neuropsychiatry is a leading discipline to explain psychopathology in terms of neuronal message passing, distributed processing, and belief propagation in neuronal networks. Active Inference (AI) has been one of the ways of representing this dysfunctional signal processing. It involves that all neuronal processing and action selection can be explained by maximizing Bayesian model evidence, or minimizing variational free energy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dent Sci
January 2025
Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Background/purpose: Chronic periodontitis and tooth loss contribute to cognitive decline. Since many biological processes are shared by loss of teeth and loss of pulps, this study investigated the potential association between loss of pulp and the development of dementia.
Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to investigate the association between dental treatment and the development of dementia.
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