The technique of differentiation of the envelope of total activity of the diaphragm motoneurons in anesthetized cats revealed that augmentation of the chemostimulus induced a linear growth of the latetinspiration inhibition which increased after bilateral vagotomy. Duration of the postinspiration phase does not depend on the level of activation of the chemoreceptors and lung stretch receptors. Vagotomy induces a discrete elongation of the postinspiration phase due, apparently, to effects from the structures of rostral pons.
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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
December 2024
The author is retired. The positions and affiliations are those prior to his retirement.
Important insights and consensus remain lacking for risk prediction of opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), reversal of respiratory depression (RD), the pathophysiology of OIRD, and which sites make the most significant contribution to its induction. The ventilatory response to inhaled carbon dioxide is the most sensitive biomarker of OIRD. To accurately predict respiratory depression (RD), a multivariant RD prospective trial using continuous capnograph and oximetry examining 5 independent variables: age ≥60, sex, opioid naivety, sleep disorders, and chronic heart failure (PRODIGY trial), was undertaken.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
October 2024
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Considering that the retrotrapezoid nucleus/respiratory parafacial region (RTN/pFRG) would be an important center in the central nervous system involved in the maintenance and modulation of respiratory activity, we hypothesized that neurons in this nucleus would also be involved in the postinspiratory (post-I) phase of the respiratory cycle through a connection with the pontine Kölliker-Fuse (KF) region. Here, we performed pharmacogenetic manipulation (AAV-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry or AAV-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry) in VGlut2-cre, Ai6 conscious mice to evaluate breathing parameters through whole body plethysmography under baseline conditions (normoxia: [Formula: see text] = 0.21) or under hypercapnia or hypoxia challenges ([Formula: see text] = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
May 2024
Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.
The sympathetic nervous system modulates arterial blood pressure. Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience numerous nightly hypoxic episodes and exhibit elevated sympathetic activity to the cardiovascular system leading to hypertension. This suggests that OSA disrupts normal respiratory-sympathetic coupling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespir Physiol Neurobiol
February 2024
The Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address:
The mammalian three-phase respiratory motor pattern of inspiration, post-inspiration and expiration is expressed in spinal and cranial motor nerve discharge and is generated by a distributed ponto-medullary respiratory pattern generating network. Respiratory motor pattern generation depends on a rhythmogenic kernel located within the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC). In the present study, we tested the effect of unilateral and bilateral inactivation of the pre-BötC after local microinjection of the GABA receptor agonist isoguvacine (10 mM, 50 nl) on phrenic (PNA), hypoglossal (HNA) and vagal nerve (VNA) respiratory motor activities in an in situ perfused brainstem preparation of rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Speech generation critically depends on precise controls of laryngeal muscles and coordination with ongoing respiratory activity. However, the neural mechanisms governing these processes remain unknown. Here, we mapped laryngeal premotor circuitry in adult mice and viral-genetically identified excitatory vocal premotor neurons located in the retroambiguus nucleus (RAm ) as both necessary and sufficient for driving vocal-cord closure and eliciting mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs).
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