Preservation and Protection of Cultural Heritage: Vibration Monitoring and Seismic Vulnerability of the Ruins of Carmo Convent (Lisbon).

Preservation of cultural heritage sites is of paramount importance. The ruins of Carmo Convent in Lisbon stand as a poignant reminder of the city's rich history, but challenges regarding structural integrity and safety are present in a highly populated and touristic area. In this paper, a comprehensive study of the Carmo Convent is presented, focused on non-destructive testing (NDT), structural health monitoring (SHM) and numerical modelling. Given its state of ruin and historical relevance, the study relied heavily on NDT. Additionally, a metro line passing underneath the convent raised concerns regarding potential hazards from induced vibrations. Thus, metro vibration monitoring (MVM) was implemented to assess the impact of induced vibrations on the structure. One of the challenges was the scarcity of standards specific to historic structures. However, through a combination of finite element method (FEM) and discrete element method (DEM) numerical modelling, valuable insights into the current condition of the structure were obtained. MVM revealed that the maximum velocity induced by metro activities remained within safe limits, indicating minimal impact. These results not only provide crucial information on structural preservation but also empower stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of protective measures.