remains a significant foodborne pathogen globally with . Typhimurium presenting as a frequently occurring serovar. This study aimed to characterize 67 . Typhimurium isolates from humans, food, farms, and slaughterhouses collected in Singapore from 2016 to 2017. Using whole-genome sequencing analysis, the isolates were found to belong to either ST19 ( = 33) or ST36 ( = 34). ST36 predominated in human intestinal and chicken isolates, while human extra-intestinal and non-chicken food isolates belonged to ST19. Plasmids were predicted in 88.1% ( = 59) of the isolates with the most common incompatibility group profiles being IncFIB(S), IncFII(S) and IncQ1. IncFIB(S) (adjusted -value < 0.05) and IncFII(S) (adjusted -value < 0.05) were significantly more prevalent in ST19 isolates, while Col156 (adjusted -value < 0.05) was more significantly found in ST36 isolates. ST36 isolates exhibited higher resistance to multiple antibiotic classes such as penicillins, phenicols, folate pathway inhibitors, aminoglycosides, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Phylogenetics analysis suggested potential shared routes of transmission among human, chicken, farm and slaughterhouse environments. Taken together, this study offers a cross-sectional epidemiological insight into the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial landscape of . Typhimurium isolates in Singapore, informing strategies for future public health and food safety surveillance.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091912 | DOI Listing |
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