Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and the Development of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A 5-Year Systematic Review.

Introduction: According to the Institute of Environmental Sciences, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are "natural or human-made chemicals that may mimic, block, or interfere with the body's hormones, associated with a wide array of health issues", mainly in the endocrine system. Recent studies have discussed the potential contribution of EDCs as risk factors leading to diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM), through various cellular and molecular pathways.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the EDCs and the development of T1DM.

Methodology: Thus, a 5-year systematic review was conducted to bring light to this research question. Using the meta-analysis and systematic review guideline protocol, a PRISMA flow diagram was constructed and, using the keywords (diabetes mellitus type 1) AND (endocrine-disrupting chemicals) in the databases PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, the relevant data was collected and extracted into tables. Quality assessment tools were employed to evaluate the quality of the content of each article retrieved.

Results: Based on the data collected and extracted from both human and animal studies, an association was found between T1DM and certain EDCs, such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), phthalates and dioxins. Moreover, based on the quality assessments performed, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ARRIVE quality assessment tool, the articles were considered of high quality and thus eligible to justify the correlation of the EDCs and the development of T1DM.

Conclusion: Based on the above study, the correlation can be justified; however, additional studies can be made focusing mainly on humans to understand further the pathophysiologic mechanism involved in this association.