In the past two decades, there has been a considerable increase of our knowledge with regards to the pathophysiology and management of various demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system [...].
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185621 | DOI Listing |
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
December 2024
Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, neuroinflammatory, progressive disease that severely affects human health of young adults. Neuroinflammation (NI) and demyelination, as well as their interactions, are key therapeutic targets to halt or slow disease progression. Potent steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as methylprednisolone (MP) and remyelinating neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (ALLO) could be co-administered intranasally to enhance their efficacy by providing direct access to the central nervous system (CNS).
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December 2024
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Introduction: Very rarely, adult NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis (NMDAR-E) leads to persistent cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Transient cerebellar ataxia is common in pediatric NMDAR-E. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxia may be associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), kelch-like family member 11 (KLHL11), and glutamate kainate receptor subunit 2 (GluK2) antibodies, all of which may co-occur in NMDAR-E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNetw Neurosci
December 2024
Neuroradiology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. Structures affected in MS include the corpus callosum, connecting the hemispheres. Studies have shown that in mammalian brains, structural connectivity is organized according to a conservation principle, an inverse relationship between intra- and interhemispheric connectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTurk J Med Sci
December 2024
Neurology Department, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkiye.
Neurological disorders encompass a complex and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, each presenting unique challenges that extend well beyond primary neurological symptoms. These disorders profoundly impact cardiovascular health, prompting an intensified exploration into the intricate interconnections between the neurological and cardiovascular systems. This review synthesizes current insights and research on cardiovascular comorbidities associated with major neurological conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, ESP.
Cladribine is an immune reconstitution therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) that selectively produces long-term reductions in highly pathological memory B cells, with temporary reductions in other B- and T-cell subsets, thereby restoring immune function close to baseline levels in the short term. Here, we describe two cases of relapsing MS (RMS) treated with a second course of cladribine. Both patients were initially diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome and later enrolled in the ORACLE-MS and CLASSIC-MS studies.
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