AI Article Synopsis

  • - Vaccination is crucial for the health management of all animals, particularly in inland aquaculture, to prevent diseases in fish broodstocks and enhance healthy seed production.
  • - In 2020, aquaculture produced 90.3 million tons of fish, but there was a 4% decline in inland aquaculture production compared to 2018, highlighting the impact of infectious diseases that resulted in significant financial losses.
  • - Innovative vaccination methods, such as using autogenous vaccines and incorporating vaccines in fish feed, are being explored to improve effectiveness and reduce reliance on antibiotics, ultimately aiming to minimize environmental contamination.

Article Abstract

Vaccination is an essential method of immunological preventive care required for the health management of all animals, including fish. More particularly, immunization is necessary for in-land aquaculture to manage diseases in fish broodstocks and healthy seed production. According to the latest statistics in 2020, 90.3 million tons of capture fishery production was achieved from the aquaculture sector. Out of the above, 78.8 million tons were from marine water aquaculture sectors, and 11.5 million tons were from inland water aquaculture sectors. About a 4% decline in fish production was achieved in 2020 in comparison to 2018 from inland aquaculture sectors. On the other hand, the digestive protein content, healthy fats, and nutritional values of fish products are comparatively more affordable than in other meat sources. In 2014, about 10% of aquatic cultured animals were lost (costing global annual losses > USD 10 billion) due to infectious diseases. Therefore, vaccination in fish, especially in broodstocks, is one of the essential approaches to stop such losses in the aquaculture sector. Fish vaccines consist of whole-killed pathogens, protein subunits, recombinant proteins, DNA, or live-attenuated vaccines. Challenges persist in the adaption of vaccination in the aquaculture sector, the route of administration, the use of effective adjuvants, and, most importantly, the lack of effective results. The use of autogenous vaccines; vaccination via intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or oral routes; and, most importantly, adding vaccines in feed using top dressing methods or as a constituent in fish feed are now emerging. These methods will lower the risk of using antibiotics in cultured water by reducing environmental contamination.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11429256PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14182692DOI Listing

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