Allostatic Load, Cigarette Smoking, and Lung Cancer Risk.

Cancers (Basel)

Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.

Published: September 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • * A multivariate analysis indicated a marginal association where each additional unit of AL corresponded to a slightly higher risk of lung cancer, with former and current smokers showing a notable increase in risk, while never-smokers didn't.
  • * The study also found that demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and health behaviors like smoking habits affected the relationship between AL and lung cancer risk, highlighting the need for further research to confirm these findings.

Article Abstract

Allostatic load (AL) is a biomarker of chronic stress associated with various chronic diseases. No study has evaluated the relationship between AL and lung cancer risk. To address this gap, we analyzed the association between AL and the development of lung cancer in 344,380 participants from the UK Biobank. During the follow-up period from 2006 to 2020, 2517 participants were diagnosed with incident lung cancer. Participants who developed lung cancer had significantly higher AL compared to cancer-free controls (mean: 3.49 vs. 2.87, < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, a marginally significant association was observed between higher AL and increased lung cancer risk (per one AL unit: Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.02, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.99, 1.04). In the categorical analysis, individuals with high AL (AL > 2) had a 15% higher risk of lung cancer compared to those with low AL (AL ≤ 2) (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25). Stratified analyses revealed that this increased risk was only observed in former (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.43) and current smokers (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42) but not in never-smokers (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.17). Moreover, we found that demographics, socioeconomics, and other health behaviors could modify the risk association. Finally, among cigarette smoking-related variables, a significant trend of increasing AL was observed with higher pack-years, longer smoking duration, earlier age of smoking initiation, and later age of smoking cessation. These findings suggest that higher AL is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The results need to be further confirmed in additional studies.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11429585PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16183235DOI Listing

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