Stem cells are critical for the development and homeostasis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Inflammatory molecules are known to regulate the activity of stem cells. A comprehensive review specifically describing the role of inflammatory molecules in the regulation of stem cells within the GI tract and in GI cancers (GICs) is not available. This review focuses on understanding the role of inflammatory molecules and stem cells in maintaining homeostasis of the GI tract. We further discuss how inflammatory conditions contribute to the transformation of stem cells into tumor-initiating cells. We also describe the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and stem cell-driven progression and metastasis of GICs. Furthermore, we report on studies describing the prognostic value of cancer stem cells and the clinical trials evaluating their therapeutic utility. This review provides a detailed overview on the role of inflammatory molecules and stem cells in maintaining GI tract homeostasis and their implications for GI-related malignancies.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the spine and bone joints, which is characterized by hyperosteogeny, ossification of ligaments, and ankylosis. Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic compound with various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. It was to explore the effect of quercetin on AS ossification and its molecular mechanism.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
Background: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) is critical to exacerbate acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via inhibiting inflammation, which could by shifted by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos). But the underlying rationale is not fully clarified. Our study aimed to analyze the significance of itaconic acid (ITA) in mediating the protective effects of MSC-exos on LPS-induced ALI.
Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Bidirectional communication between pathogenic microbes and their plant hosts via small (s)RNA-mediated cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) is a key element for successful host colonisation. Whether mutualistic fungi of the Serendipitaceae family, known for their extremely broad host range, use sRNAs to colonize plant roots is still under debate. To address this question, we developed a pipeline to validate the accumulation, translocation, and activity of fungal sRNAs in post-transcriptional silencing of Arabidopsis thaliana genes.
Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address:
Objectives: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are promising for regenerative therapies due to their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, essential for periodontal tissue repair. Although magnesium plays a vital role in bone metabolism, its specific effects on PDLSCs and potential applications in regeneration are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs).
Over the past few years there has been an alarming burst of cancer burden worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) act as hidden devils within tumors, rendering cancer therapy a strenuous goal. Recently, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) was proved to be an essential contributor to the CSC phenotype.
