Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
We propose an optical read-out method for extracting faradaic current in electrochemical (EC) reactions and analyze its performance using opto-EC simulations. Our approach utilizes structured electrodes to generate composite optical vortex (COV) beams upon optical illumination. Through opto-EC simulations, we demonstrate that the EC reaction of 10 mM potassium ferricyanide induces a refractive index (RI) change, RI, of approximately RI units, leading to the rotation of the COV beam's intensity profile with a peak rotation of . This rotation's magnitude is proportional to RI, while the rate correlates with the faradaic current ( ) density responsible for RI. As the opto-EC information is from bulk RI, it remains unaffected by interfering non-faradaic components at the interface and is advantageous for studying intermediate species and bulk homogeneous reactions. Furthermore, as rotation depends on density rather than itself, this method proves beneficial in low scenarios, such as when employing micro-electrodes to decrease solution resistance or obtain localized EC data. Even in low density scenarios, like monitoring slow EC reactions, our method enables signal amplification by accumulating rotation over time. This interdisciplinary approach holds promise for advancing EC research and addressing critical challenges across various fields, including energy storage, corrosion protection, environmental remediation, and biomedical sciences.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437161 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72701-8 | DOI Listing |
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