AI Article Synopsis
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny particles released by human cells that facilitate communication between them and can carry important biological molecules like DNA and proteins.
- In the context of bone repair, EVs play a crucial role by influencing the activities of osteoblasts (cells that build bone) and osteoclasts (cells that break down bone), thereby promoting effective bone regeneration.
- The review looks at how EVs are formed and function in bone healing, discusses their involvement in diseases affecting bone regeneration, and suggests potential clinical uses of engineered EVs for diagnosing and treating these conditions.
Article Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by various cell types. Nearly all human cells secrete EVs, primarily mediating intercellular communication. In recent years, scientists have discovered that EVs can carry multiple biological cargos, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, cytokines, and lipids, and mediate intercellular signal transduction. Bone is a connective tissue with a nerve supply and high vascularization. The repair process after injury is highly complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and biological signaling pathways. Bone regeneration consists of a series of coordinated osteoconductive and osteoinductive biological processes. As mediators of intercellular communication, EVs can promote bone regeneration by regulating osteoblast-mediated bone formation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and other pathways. This review summarizes the biogenesis of EVs and the mechanisms by which EV-mediated intercellular communication promotes bone regeneration. Additionally, we focus on the research progress of EVs in various diseases related to bone regeneration. Finally, based on the above research, we explore the clinical applications of engineered EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of bone regeneration-related diseases.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11430372 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090548 | DOI Listing |
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