Navigating Challenges in Orbital Surgery: The Journey and Struggles in Iraq's Neurosurgical Landscape.

Orbital surgery in Iraq has undergone significant evolution, primarily influenced by periods of conflict that necessitated rapid advancements in surgical techniques. Despite pioneering efforts, such as the establishment of the first Orbital Surgery Center in Baghdad, the field grapples with multifaceted challenges. Training neurosurgeons remains a critical hurdle, hindered by inadequate programs, limited exposure to complex cases, and a scarcity of experienced mentors. These issues are compounded by insufficient medical facilities lacking essential equipment and resources vital for advanced procedures. Moreover, societal factors, notably tribalism, exert a profound impact on neurosurgical practice, often leading to disparities in resource allocation and posing threats to surgeons' safety and professional integrity. This confluence of educational, infrastructural, and sociopolitical obstacles underscores the pressing need for comprehensive reforms to advance orbital surgery and ensure optimal patient care in Iraq.