Aim: Sub-Saharan Africa bears the highest burden of HIV/AIDS infections and constitutes 72% and 69% of AIDS-related deaths and people living with HIV worldwide, respectively. Due to the relationship between pulmonary infections and HIV/AIDS, it is biologically plausible that the surge in morbidity and mortality among HIV/AIDS patients could be attributed to an increase in pulmonary infections among this cohort of patients. This study determined the bacterial profile, susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with culture-positive sputum among HIV patients presenting with cough at the Lira Infectious Disease Centre in Northern Uganda.
Material And Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study recruited 180 participants. Culture and sensitivity of the sputum samples were done to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility. Blood agar, MacConkey's agar, and Chocolate agar were deployed for the culture media. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Out of the 180 enrolled patients, 113 were females with a mean age of 45. Bacterial growth was seen in 56 of the 180 samples. The most common isolate was at 35.7% of the 56 growths. The minority that accounted for 1.8% each were species and respectively. A combination of ceftriaxone and gentamicin was effective against most organisms isolated in this study. At the multivariate level of analysis, an unsuppressed viral load and low peripheral oxygen saturation were independently associated with a sputum culture-positive cough.
Conclusion: HIV patients at LIDC who present with productive cough with low oxygen saturation and an unsuppressed viral load may be screened for , and species infection. A combination of ceftriaxone and gentamicin may be used as empiric therapy before the culture and sensitivity results are available.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S477096 | DOI Listing |
BMC Health Serv Res
December 2024
School of Public Health, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Background: Loss to follow-up (LTFU) of patients with presumed tuberculosis (TB) before completing the diagnostic process (pre-diagnosis LTFU) and before initiating treatment for those diagnosed (pre-treatment LTFU) is a challenge in the realization of the End TB Strategy. We assessed the proportion of pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment LTFU and associated factors among patients with presumed TB and those diagnosed in the selected health facilities.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving a review of routinely collected data from presumptive, laboratory and TB treatment registers from January 2019 to December 2022.
AIDS Res Ther
December 2024
School CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Introduction: Despite the need for reliable questionnaires to monitor self-management in chronic disease patients, such tools are lacking in developing countries. This study aims to pilot and assess the construct validity of the HIV-SM LMIC questionnaire.
Method: The validation of the HIV-SM LMIC questionnaire involved two cross-sectional studies in Ethiopia.
Commun Biol
December 2024
Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1M7, Laval, QC, Canada.
We have shown that virus-specific CD4 and CD8 memory T cells (TM) induce autophagy after T cell receptor (TCR) engagement to provide free glutamine and fatty acids, including in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). These nutrients fuel mitochondrial ATP generation through glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathways, to fulfill the bioenergetic demands for optimal IL-21 and cytotoxic molecule production in CD4 and CD8 cells, respectively. Here, we expand our knowledge on how the metabolic events that occur in the mitochondria of virus-specific TM down-stream of the autophagy are regulated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS Res Ther
December 2024
Veterans Affairs (VA) Connecticut Healthcare System Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CSP-CERC), 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516-2770, USA.
Background: Real-world data on treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for newer drugs, including integrase strand transfer inhibitors, among older people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are limited.
Methods: This cohort study included PWH enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) who were prescribed a standard 3-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen containing dolutegravir (DTG), bictegravir (BIC), cobicistat boosted elvitegravir (EVG), raltegravir (RAL), or darunavir/ritonavir (DRV) plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors between January 1, 2014, and March 31, 2020, and who were ≥50 years at regimen initiation. The association between regimen and virologic effectiveness or discontinuation was assessed using logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weights.
Clin Transplant
December 2024
Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Background: Current donor risk assessments to identify risk of infectious transmission through transplantation have been criticized as unnecessarily discriminatory for sexual and gender minorities. Little is known about how increased infectious risk donor (IIRD) patients transition through the deceased donation system. We sought to evaluate how IIRD status and other equity-relevant identities impacted the likelihood of a caregiver of a deceased donor being approached for organ donation and the likelihood of caregiver consent.
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