Epithelial chemosensory cells in hollow organs, also known as tuft cells, were implicated in tumorigenesis, including a tuft cell-like small cell lung carcinoma. Expression of the POU2F3 transcription factor is a marker of tuft cell lineage. However, tuft cell development, differentiation, and proliferation are controlled by the expression of the complex formed by POU2F3 and POU2AF2 or POU2AF3 transcriptional coactivators. A cohort of epithelial (n=6064) and mesenchymal/neuroectodermal (n=2730) tumors was screened for POU2F3 expression by immunohistochemistry. Variable immunoreactivity ranging from diffuse to scattered positive cells was found in ∼12.4% of epithelial and 4.6% of mesenchymal/neuroectodermal tumors. Cases with predominantly diffuse or patchy POU2F3 positivity representing various types of malignant tumors (n=43) were selected for further study, including POU2AF2 immunohistochemistry. Thirteen of 15 tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation originating from the lung, colon, head and neck, skin, and bladder revealed diffuse POU2F3 positivity. Most of those tumors (n=9) co-expressed POU2AF2, usually extensively. Seven squamous and basal cell carcinomas from the oral cavity, skin, lung, and thymus with diffuse POU2F3 immunostaining except one, lacked POU2AF2 expression. Other variably POU2F3-positive carcinomas (n=13) from the colon, pancreas, liver, kidney, testis, endometrium, ovary, and breast lacked POU2AF2 immunoreactivity. All POU2F3-positive mesenchymal and neuroectodermal tumors (n=8), including synovial sarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor, glioblastoma, Wilms tumor, and melanoma were POU2AF2-negative. POU2F3 expression is a highly sensitive but nonspecific indicator of tuft cell differentiation. Co-expression of POU2F3 and POU2AF2 appears to be a more specific marker, although it may not pinpoint tumors driven by the POU2F3-POU2AF3 complex.
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Cerebellum
December 2024
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
The vestibular processing regions of the cerebellum integrate vestibular information with other sensory modalities and motor signals to regulate balance, gaze stability, and spatial orientation. A class of excitatory glutamatergic interneurons known as unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are highly concentrated within the granule cell layer of these regions. UBCs receive vestibular signals directly from primary vestibular afferents and indirectly from mossy fibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
Currently, the TAAR1 receptor has been identified in various cell groups in the intestinal wall. It recognizes biogenic amine compounds like phenylethylamine or tyramine, which are products of decarboxylation of phenylalanine and tyrosine by endogenous or bacterial decarboxylases. Since several gut bacteria produce these amines, TAAR1 is suggested to be involved in the interaction between the host and gut microbiota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Regen
December 2024
Institute of Biomedical Innovation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
Intestinal epithelium regeneration is crucial for homeostatic maintenance of the intestinal functions. A recent study published in Nature uncovers tuft cells as an unexpected key player in the regenerative process. Human tuft cells, traditionally recognized for their involvement in immune defense and pathogen protection, were found to exhibit stem cell-like properties following radiation-induced injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Biol
December 2024
Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a persistent gastrointestinal disease, is featured with impaired gut immunity. Previous studies have demonstrated that tuft cells can regulate the intestinal type 2 immune response by activating downstream ILC2 and Th2 cells and repair gut barrier upon invasion of parasitic helminths, bacteria, protozoans, and enteritis through different chemo-sensing receptors, such as bitter taste receptors. Berberine is a widely used in the treatment of diarrhea in clinic, however the mechanism underlying this effect is not clear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMod Pathol
November 2024
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. Electronic address:
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