AI Article Synopsis
- Toxoplasmosis is a prevalent parasite globally, and the study aims to find new, safer treatments for pregnant women and infants using nanoemulsion miltefosine (NEM).
- NEM was formulated using triacetin, Tween 80, and ethanol, and when tested on mice and rats, it showed varying effectiveness against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis compared to other treatments like sulfadiazine (SDZ) and pyrimethamine (PYR).
- The findings suggest that NEM effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier, significantly reducing the number and size of tissue cysts in chronic toxoplasmosis, positioning it as a hopeful new therapeutic option.
Article Abstract
Background: is one of the most common parasites worldwide. It is of great importance to identify new potential drugs that are effective and less harmful in pregnant women and newborns. We investigated nanoemulsion miltefosine (NEM) in treating experimental acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.
Methods: A combination of triacetin, Tween 80, and ethanol (1:2) was used for the development of NEM formulations. The size of NEM was calculated to be 17.463 nm by DLS and TEM. To investigate the performance of miltefosine (MLF), NEM, sulfadiazine (SDZ), and pyrimethamine (PYR) (positive control) in vivo, acute toxoplasmosis was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of RH strain tachyzoites. After five days, the mice were examined for the number and condition of tachyzoites and histopathological changes in the liver and spleen. Chronic toxoplasmosis was investigated in rats and the number and size of brain cysts along with histopathological changes were assessed in different groups.
Results: The results of the in vivo assessment of drugs in acute toxoplasmosis showed the following order regarding a decrease in the number of tachyzoites and an increase in survival rate: SDZ&PYR > NEM > MLF. The effects of drugs on chronic toxoplasmosis showed a significant effect of NEM (50%) on reducing the number of cysts compared to SDZ&PYR (10%) and MLF (12%) and reducing the size of NEM brain cysts (21%) compared to SDZ&PYR (5 %) and MLF (8%).
Conclusion: Increasing the penetration of NEM through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and subsequently reducing the number and size of tissue cysts is a promising new drug in treating chronic toxoplasmosis.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417982 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16389 | DOI Listing |
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