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High-Performance Electrochemical Creatinine Sensors Based on β-Lead Dioxide/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes. | LitMetric

High-Performance Electrochemical Creatinine Sensors Based on β-Lead Dioxide/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes.

Anal Chem

Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Creatinine is a key indicator of kidney function and muscle metabolism, prompting the development of a new type of sensitive sensor for its detection using β-lead dioxide and carbon nanotubes.
  • The innovative β-PbO/CNT ion-selective electrode effectively measures creatinine through a fast enzymatic reaction, yielding results in about 5 minutes with high sensitivity and low limits of detection.
  • The sensors demonstrated impressive selectivity against various substances, consistent performance in repeated tests, and successful application in human serum, confirming their effectiveness for clinical use.

Article Abstract

Creatinine is an important biomarker of kidney function and muscular metabolism. In this paper, we developed the β-lead dioxide/single-walled carbon nanotube (β-PbO/CNT) and the β-PbO/CNT ion-selective electrode (β-PbO/CNT/ISE), which were used as highly sensitive potentiometric sensors for creatinine detection. The fabricated electrodes exhibited highly pH-sensitive characteristics due to the synergistic effect of the electrochemical properties of CNT and β-PbO. Moreover, an ammonium-ion-selective membrane coating allowed the β-PbO/CNT electrode to be NH-selective for direct detection of the ammonium ion. By exploiting the electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes, the creatinine assay was established through the one-step selective conversion of creatinine by creatinine deiminase, in which the OH and NH generated by the enzymatic reaction were detected using β-PbO/CNT and β-PbO/CNT/ISE electrodes as pH- and NH-responsive sensors, respectively. The total creatinine assay can be completed within ∼5 min. The assay results from β-PbO/CNT and β-PbO/CNT/ISE showed excellent sensitivity values of -75.56 and 64.62 mV in the detection range of 10-400 μM with a fast response (20 s), and the limits of detection were calculated to be 0.06 and 0.13 μM, respectively. Moreover, the developed creatinine sensor showed high selectivity against 11 interfering bio/chemical species with negligible interferences (selectivity coefficient <10) and excellent repeatability (>97% within 25 cycles) and long-term stability for 4 weeks of storage. In addition, the feasibility and practicality of the device were successfully demonstrated in human serum tests, with recoveries of 95-104% for PbO/CNT and 92-110% for PbO/CNT/ISE.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465222PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02985DOI Listing

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