Behav Brain Res
School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai avenue, Caofeidian district, Tangshan, Hebei, China. Electronic address:
Published: January 2025
Third-party punishment (TPP) is the punishment that an individual executes on a violator as a third party or observer to maintain social norms. Many studies have provided insights into the neural mechanisms of third-party punishment in group environments. Still, only some studies have focused on the neural mechanisms of third-party punishment in different group sizes. This study used EEG analysis to explore the effects of group size on third-party punishment and its neural activity characteristics from the context of gain and loss. The results show that the punishment rate and amount of the third party in the small group size and loss context were significantly higher than that in the large group size and gain context. EEG results showed that third-party punishment in small groups induced greater P2 than in large groups. In the loss context, the third-party punishment in the large group size induced more negative LNP and activated more theta band activation than in the small group. The results showed that the motivation of the third party to seek a positive reputation in the small size exceeds the balance of its economic interests and tends to punish the violator for maintaining fair norms. The loss context plays a promoting role in this process. However, in the large size, the third-party consideration of its interests was stronger than the willingness to maintain social norms. This study provided neuroscientific evidence for third-party punishment to maintain fair norms in a group environment and further explanations from neuroscience for understanding Indirect Reciprocity Theory.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115256 | DOI Listing |
Behav Sci (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
Facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest influence two-person decision making. However, it remains unclear how these three factors jointly influence three-person bargaining. We investigated the impact of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest on fairness decisions in a three-person ultimatum game and a third-party punishment dictator game.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Business School, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
Reputation is the most important intangible asset of merchants. In the e-commerce platform market, reputation information has become an important signal of product quality. However, with increasingly fierce competition among merchants on these platforms, violations of reputation information, such as "click farming," "cash rebate for favorable comments," and "pay per click," have caused information asymmetry and adverse selection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Cogn Sci
December 2024
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
Work on the psychology of justice has largely focused on punishment. However, punishment is not our only strategy for dealing with conflict. Rather, emerging work suggests that people often respond to transgressions by compensating victims, involving third-party mediators, and engaging in forgiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQ J Exp Psychol (Hove)
January 2025
Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
This study investigated how children's punishment affective states change over time, as well as when children begin to prioritise intentions over outcomes in their punishment decisions. Whereas most prior research sampled children from Anglo-America or Northwestern Europe, we tested 5- to 11-year-old children from Colombia and Spain ( = 123). We focused on punishment behaviour in response to ostensibly real moral transgressions, rather than punishment recommendations for hypothetical moral transgressions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Psychol
July 2024
CLLE, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès & CNRS, Toulouse, France.
Recent work has supported the role of reasoning in third-party moral judgment of harm transgressions. In particular, reasoning may increase the weight of intention in moral judgment, especially following accidental harm, a situation that presumably requires judges to balance considerations about the outcome endured by a victim on the one hand and considerations about an agent's intention to cause harm on the other hand. Three preregistered lab-based studies aimed to test the causal contribution of reasoning to moral judgment of harm transgressions using experimental manipulations borrowed from the reasoning literature: time pressure (Experiment 1), cognitive load (Experiment 2), and priming (Experiment 3).
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