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Astrocyte Loss Augments Body Weight Through Reduction in Adipose Sympathetic Outflows.
Glia
January 2025
Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Emerging evidence indicates that astrocytes modulate energy metabolism and homeostasis. However, one important but poorly understood element is the necessity of astrocytes in the control of body weight. Here, we apply viral vector-assisted brain-region selective loss of astrocytes to define physiological roles played by astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) and to elucidate the involved mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA systematic review of evidence that environmental contaminant exposure impedes weight loss and glycemic control during calorie-restricted diets in humans.
Obes Rev
December 2024
Department of Built Environment and Life Sciences, Faculty of Social and Applied Science, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee, UK.
Calorie-restricted diets cause weight loss and can drive type 2 diabetes remission. However, many patients struggle to achieve clinically relevant weight loss, and the reasons are not well understood. Chemical exposure is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes development, and some evidence from preclinical experiments suggests it can limit the clinical benefits of calorie restriction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSculpting Success: The Importance of Diet and Physical Activity to Support Skeletal Muscle Health during Weight Loss with New Generation Anti-Obesity Medications.
Curr Dev Nutr
November 2024
Department of Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast, Inc, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Obesity is a public health crisis, with prevalence rates tripling over the past 60 y. Although lifestyle modifications, such as diet and physical activity, remain the first-line treatments, recent anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have been shown to achieve greater reductions in body weight and fat mass. However, AOMs also reduce fat-free mass, including skeletal muscle, which has been demonstrated to account for 20% to 50% of total weight loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReplacing dietary carbohydrate with protein and fat improves lipoprotein subclass profile and liver fat in type 2 diabetes independent of body weight: evidence from 2 randomized controlled trials.
Am J Clin Nutr
November 2024
Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Dyslipidemia with elevated concentrations of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), small-dense LDL, and reduced HDL is linked to hepatic steatosis and promotes atherogenesis in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Objectives: We aimed to analyze whether moderate carbohydrate restriction reduces liver fat in T2D independent of changes in body weight and whether this is accompanied by parallel improvements in plasma lipoprotein subclasses.
Methods: We determined the density profile of circulating lipoproteins in patients with T2D from 2 previous randomized controlled trials.
Leflunomide-Induced Weight Loss: Involvement of DAHPS Activity and Synthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids.
Metabolites
November 2024
School of Medicine and Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
Article Synopsis
- Leflunomide is an immunosuppressant used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis but has been linked to serious side effects such as weight loss and liver injury.
- In a mouse study, leflunomide administration resulted in significant weight loss and altered liver metabolism, particularly affecting aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.
- The drug was found to disrupt gut microbiota metabolism and induce liver stress through the PERK pathway, potentially explaining the weight loss and liver damage observed in patients.
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