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Epidemiology of early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) worldwide: East versus west. | LitMetric

Epidemiology of early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) worldwide: East versus west.

Parkinsonism Relat Disord

Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address:

Published: December 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) features bradykinesia along with symptoms like tremors or rigidity, and when it begins before age 40, it's labeled early-onset PD (EOPD).
  • There's a significant difference in EOPD prevalence and characteristics between Eastern and Western countries, with places like China seeing a steeper rise in cases, while some Eastern countries have a higher occurrence of specific motor symptoms.
  • Treatment approaches vary geographically, influenced by medication access and healthcare infrastructure, and EOPD's impact on patients is serious, affecting their relationships, employment, and mental health, highlighting the need for understanding these differences to create better support and solutions.

Article Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of bradykinesia with either rest tremor, muscle rigidity, or postural instability. If the features for PD are present but the age at onset (AAO) is before the usual but later than 21 years of age, it is considered as early-onset PD (EOPD). With Eastern countries projected to account for over 60 % of the world's population, it is paramount to understand the differences in EOPD between Western and Eastern countries. Epidemiology can differ substantially between the East and West, such as China showing a much steeper rise in EOPD prevalence and incidence with age, or Japan and Korea showing a female predominance in EOPD for certain age groups. Symptomatology appears to be similar across Western and Eastern populations, though some Eastern populations may have a higher prevalence of the akinetic-rigid or postural instability/gait difficulty motor phenotypes. Genetic epidemiology, conversely, varies significantly between the East and West, though some genes are frequently implicated in both (such as LRRK2, PINK1, PRKN, and GBA). Next, treatment patterns also exhibit substantial geographical variation, which could be driven by local availability of medications, adequacy of staff training and infrastructure, and local regulatory bodies. Lastly, regardless of region, EOPD exerts a profound psychosocial impact on patients, such as strained relationships, unemployment, and psychological distress. In summary, understanding these differences (and similarities) between the East and West could help generate innovative solutions, while the development of healthy habits and robust social networks should also be actively encouraged in all patients.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107126DOI Listing

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